Proper nutrition keeps horses healthy, happy, and ready to work or play. Many horse owners know it’s important to feed the right foods. But, some common foods can cause serious health problems if horses eat them. Knowing what foods to avoid helps prevent accidents and keeps your horse safe. This article explains which foods are harmful, how to recognize them, and how to protect your horse from unsafe eatables.
Understanding Horse Digestion and Sensitivity to Certain Foods
Horses have a very sensitive digestive system. Their stomachs are small, but their cecum — a part of their gut — carries out fermentation. This process helps break down roughage like hay and grasses. However, their system is not built for digesting fatty, processed, or toxic foods.
Certain human foods can upset this delicate balance. Eating the wrong stuff can cause colic, a painful abdominal condition; laminitis, a hoof problem linked to diet; and other health issues. That’s why understanding which foods are safe or dangerous is crucial for every horse owner.
Toxic and Harmful Foods for Horses
Foods Containing Toxic Substances
Many foods contain natural toxins that are dangerous for horses even in small amounts. Sometimes, the poison isn’t obvious, so careful inspection of what’s fed is a must. Remember, toxicity depends on how much a horse eats and the individual’s sensitivity.
Avocado
This popular fruit contains persin, a substance that can cause severe health issues in horses. Eating avocado can lead to respiratory problems, swelling, and even death in severe cases. There have been reports of horses in neighborhoods eating fallen avocado and getting sick. Keep these fruits away from pastures and feeding areas.
Onions, Garlic, and Chives
These veggies are common in many kitchens, but they pose a danger to horses. They contain compounds that damage red blood cells, leading to anemia. Horses might also experience stomach upset or colic after ingesting even small amounts. Veterinarians agree: it’s best to keep these plants far away from your horse’s reach.
Rhubarb and Tomato Plants
While popular in salads, these plants contain oxalates and solanine. These toxins block calcium absorption and can cause neurological issues. If you have them growing near pastures, remove and dispose of them properly. Never feed your horse raw or cooked parts of these plants.
Foods Toxic to Horses Due to Other Harmful Components
Moldy or Rotten Foods
Food that’s gone bad can contain dangerous mold which produces toxins called mycotoxins. These chemicals can lead to colic, laminitis, or neurological symptoms. Always check hay, feed, and scraps before giving them to your horse. Store feed in dry, clean containers and discard any moldy or spoiled items.
Potato Peelings and Stems
Potatoes and their parts contain solanine and chaconine — compounds toxic to horses. Raw potato pieces might cause gastrointestinal upset or neurological signs. Never feed potato parts, especially green or sprouted ones.
Unhealthy or Indigestible Foods for Horses
Processed and Junk Food
Chips, candies, bread, or other snacks are high in sugar, salt, and fats. These foods can cause obesity, insulin problems, and upset stomachs. Horses don’t need processed foods — their diet should focus on hay, grass, and horse-safe grains.
Dairy and Egg Products
Many horses are lactose intolerant. Eating dairy or egg leftovers can lead to digestive discomfort or diarrhea. These items offer no nutritional benefits to horses and may cause more harm than good.
Certain Fruits and Vegetables in Excess
Apples (Seeds and Core)
Apples are safe for horses in moderation, but the seeds contain cyanogenic compounds that can be toxic if eaten in large amounts. Always remove seeds and cores before sharing an apple with your horse.
Carrots and Other Root Vegetables
Carrots are healthy treats but overfeeding can cause problems like diarrhea or colic. Feed carrots in small amounts and as part of a balanced diet.
Plants and Forage That Are Not Suitable for Horses
Certain Weeds and Wild Plants
Many wild plants and weeds are dangerous. For example, ragwort, bracken fern, and buttercup are toxic. Regular pasture maintenance and weed removal prevent horses from accidentally eating these harmful plants.
Non-Edible Decorative Plants
Holidays bring festive decorations like poinsettias and holly, which are toxic to horses. Keep these plants away from pastures and stables, especially during festive seasons.
Preventative Measures and Best Practices
- Always test and identify safe forage before feeding.
- Store feeds in sealed, secure containers.
- Educate family, staff, or anyone involved in horse care about dangerous foods.
- Regularly inspect pastures for toxic weeds or plants.
- Never feed leftover human food without checking its safety first.
Conclusion
Keeping your horse healthy starts with knowing what foods can harm them. Avoid giving your horse avocado, onions, moldy feed, or toxic plants. Stick to safe, natural hay, grasses, and specially formulated horse feeds. Remember, if you’re unsure about a food, research or ask a veterinarian. Your vigilance can prevent health problems and keep your horse happy for years to come. Always verify food safety before introducing anything new into your horse’s diet for the best care possible.